The law came into force after Israeli Central Command leader Avi Bluth signed the necessary military amendment. This enables military courts in the West Bank to issue death sentences without requiring unanimous approval or a request from prosecutors, marking a major shift in Israel’s penal framework.

The legislation, passed by the Knesset in March with 62 votes in favor, applies only to Palestinians convicted of killing Israelis. Rights groups condemned it as racially discriminatory, noting it excludes Israelis who kill Palestinians. The law also restricts appeals, pardons, and commutations, while enforcing strict isolation measures.

Israeli officials, including Security Minister Yisrael Katz, urged immediate implementation, declaring that “the era of containment is over.” The move aligns with a broader government push to intensify punitive measures against Palestinian detainees.

Human rights organizations warned of severe consequences, citing deteriorating prison conditions, medical neglect, and abuse that have already led to prisoner deaths. Over 9,500 Palestinians, including children and women, are currently held in Israeli prisons.

The law coincides with another measure establishing special military courts to try Hamas elite fighters captured during the October 7, 2023 attack. Analysts view these steps as part of Israel’s evolving deterrence strategy, shifting from long-term imprisonment to executions, raising fears of escalating tensions.

Palestinian groups

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including Hamas, condemned the law as a “dangerous escalation and blatant violation of international law,” urging global intervention. Observers warn the policy could reshape the handling of prisoner cases and deepen one of the most sensitive fault lines in the conflict.